1
Data Flow Model
1-2 DATA FLOW MODEL
This section defines the elements involved in the transmission of data across USB.
1-2-1 ENDPOINT
Endpoints function as the point of origin or the point of reception for data. An endpoint is a
logical entity identified using an endpoint address. The endpoint address of a device is
fixed, and is assigned when the device is designed, as opposed to the device address,
which is assigned by the host dynamically during enumeration. An endpoint address
consists of an endpoint number field (0 to 15), and a direction bit that indicates if the
endpoint sends data to the host (IN) or receives data from the host (OUT). The maximum
number of endpoints allowed on a single device is 32.
Endpoints contain configurable characteristics that define the behavior of a USB device:
Bus access requirements
Bandwidth requirement
Error handling
Maximum packet size that the endpoint is able to send or receive
Transfer type
Direction in which data is sent and receive from the host
ENDPOINT ZERO REQUIREMENT
Endpoint zero (also known as Default Endpoint) is a bi-directional endpoint used by the
USB host system to get information, and configure the device via standard requests. All
devices must implement an endpoint zero configured for control transfers (see section
“Control Transfers” on page 18 for more information).
17
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